Prof. dr. Miran Gaberšček: How a Li ion battery works: nanoscopic versus macroscopic picture

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How a Li ion battery works: nanoscopic versus macroscopic picture

Prof. dr. Miran Gaberšček

National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

A typical lithium battery electrode contains up to 10¹⁴ active particles per 1 cm² of metallic substrate and several additional phases (binders, coatings, conductive additive, electrolyte) that provide its proper functioning. The mass and charge transport in such a system is inherently complex. Many local phenomena related to insertion, phase transformation and local transport complications, have been reported. Still, a clear correlation between these local phenomena and the macroscopic battery output (charge-discharge characteristics) is missing. We will try to partly fill this gap by explaining several poorly understood macroscopic phenomena: (i) the non-linear current-voltage characteristic of Li ion electrodes, (ii) the correlation between impedance and galvanostatic experiment and (iii) long term relaxation phenomena – i.e. a »long-term« memory effect.