Prof. Marko Zgonik in prof. Igor Muševič: 2014 Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry: Lighting and Microscopy Revolution

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Povzetek:

    2014 Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry:

    Lighting and Microscopy Revolution

    Prof. Marko Zgonik in prof. Igor Muševič, Fakulteta za matematiko in fiziko Univerze v Ljubljani in Institut Jožef Stefan 

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 was awarded jointly to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources". Development of thin film growth of wide-bandwith semiconductors and their doping has enabled the production of blue LEDs on the basis of InGaN/AlGaN heterostructures. The highest efficiency of white-light sources can be achieved with fluorescent conversion of a 450 nm LED. Fluorescent conversion is crucial in efficient out-coupling of light.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2014 was awarded to Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy”, which bypassed the physical limit for the resolution of traditional optical microscopy. S. W. Hell developed the method of stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED), where two correlated and pulsed laser beams are used to obtain fluorescence from the nanometer-size regions. E. Betzig and W. Moerner laid the foundations of the single-molecule microscopy, where the fluorescence image with nanometer resolution is obtained by sequential excitation, de-excitation and superposition of a very large number of images of fluorescence from isolated molecules.